Tantric yoga developed complicated visualizations which included meditation on the body as a microcosm of the cosmos. They included additionally the usage of mantras, pranayama, and the manipulation of the refined body, together with its nadis and cakras. These teachings on cakras and Kundalini would turn into central to later types of Indian Yoga. Later developments in the varied Buddhist traditions led to new innovations in yogic practices. The Theravada school, while remaining relatively conservative, nonetheless developed new ideas on meditation and yogic phenomenology in their later works, essentially the most influential of which is the Visuddhimagga. The Indic meditation teachings of Mahayana Buddhism could be seen in influential texts like the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra (compiled c. 4th century). Mahayana meditation practices additionally developed and adopted new yogic strategies, such as using mantra and dharani, pure land practices which aimed toward rebirth in a pure land or buddhafield, and visualization strategies.

• Each